Steam-turbine.



No. 782,267. PATENTED FEB. 14, 1905. 1 W. L. POPE.

STEAM TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 12. 1904.

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No. T 82.267.

UNITED STATES Patented February 14, 1905.

'ILLIAM L. POPE, OF ROClfIES'lER, NllV YORK.

STEAM-TURBINE.

SBECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 782,267, dated February 14, 1905.

Application tiled September' 12,1904. Serial No. 224,151.

Be it l nown that I,\\'YILLI.L\`.\1L. Porn, a citizen ot' the United States, residing at Rochester', 'm the county ot Monroe and State ot New Yorlehave invented a new and usetul Improvement in Stea1n-'l`urbines, otl which the Afollowing is a specitication.

My present invention relates to that class ot' steam-engines in which there are one or more systems ot' rotating blades in combination with cooperating and corresponding one or more systems ot stationary vanes or nozzles arranged to project corresponding series ot' streams ot' steam against the rotating blades. ln engines otl this class l have noticed a serious ditticulty, in that the steam as it expands occupies a greater space. Hence there is necessitated an increasing capacity toward the discharging' end ot' a system ot' rotating blades, and when two or more such systems are arranged tandem, so that each system except the last shall discharge into the next succeeding' one, then such an increasing capacity is necessitated toward the discharging end ot' each system. The initial velocity ot the steam as it escapes trom the iirst set otl stationary vanes or nozzles is ver v-high,while at or near the discharge end ot' the system or systems ot rotating blades the velocity ot' the steam is very greatly reduced. ln tact, the

steam at that point has but little directional tendency compared with what it has at the discharging-points ot' the tirst system ot' the nozzles in the engine. On account ot' this increased volume which the steam occupies at the discharging end and also on account ot' the low velocity with which the steam travels and the practical loss, therefore, ot' directional tendency on the part ot the steam there occurs in engines otl the usual construction a serious loss by way ot' backlash. lln other words, the revolving blades or vanes near the exit ot' the steam from the engine are not driven thereby; but oftentimes the rotating i blades serve to drive the steam outwardly on account ot' their screw-bke action thereon caused by the angular disposition ot' the blades and their high rate of rotation relatively to the pressure and rate ot' travel otl the l steam. l am aware that any ettort exerted by the blades near the exit otthe steam from the engine in forcing the steam outwardly is measurably compensated lor by the increased "draft, as it may be termed, given to the live steam trom the nozzles and operating on the blades nearer the point ot` entrance otl the steam or on tht` lirst system ot revoluble blades; but when this tendency ot' the steam to lag and become a load upon the revolving blades becomes too great there results a serious loss in etticiency otl the engine.

'lo overcome these ditliculties, l have devised an arrangement otl rotating blades and stationary nozzles so located and angularly disposed that there is atl'orded a passage-way ot' continually-increasing cross-sectional area through thel engine, while at the same time to compensate tor the decrease in the velocity ot the steam I materially reduce the diameter ot' the inner circle swept by the rotating blades, and at the same time also lV modit'y the angle ot the blades, so that the blades in the last system are arranged at a lesser angle to the plane ot rotation than the blades in the lirst system. By this means the action ot the blades tending' to torce the steam around more rapidly than outwardly is very materially overcome, and thereby less trietional opposition from the steam is secured in its exit trom the engine and through the last system, as the steam is not retained in the engineI and caused to revolve with the blades. l have also t'ound it desirable to gradually lessen the angle ot' each rotating blade relatively to its plane ot rotation toward the discharging end ot such revolving blade.

VIn the accompanying drawing l have shown my invention as applied to that style ot a rotary steam-engine described in a former United States patent ot mine, issued June 2S, 1904, and numbered 763,125, although ,l wish it distinctly understood that l do not limit myseltl in the application ot' my present invention to any particular style ot steam-turbine, as many ot' the vfeatures ot' my present invention are applicable to rotary steam-engines ot' the impact type or steam-turbines in general. As the general construction ot the engine is clearly brought out in such former patent otl mine above mentloned, l shall only IOC briefly describe such engine herein, making exhaust-pipe P, while a similar arrangement a special reference to the features thereof involving my present invention only.

The accompanying' drawing shows to the left a vertical central section through the lefthand half of my engine or turbine with the cylindrical elements carrying the revoluble blades shown in full and with only one blade on each of such revoluble elements in order to bring out more clearly the angular disposition of the blades and the conical contour of the revoluble elements, which constitute essential features of my present invention. To the right of the center vertically in this figure there is shown above the central hori-` zontal line my engine with only the outer casing or shell seen in vertical section, while below the central horizontal line my turbine is shown in full.

Referring to the drawing, H and H' constitute the upper and lower halves of the inclosing shell of my engine, the lower half of the shell H' being bolted to a suitable basepiece D. The engine is shown as with the final exhaust-pipe turned from the observer, so as to more clearly bring out the internal construction and arrangement of the parts.

My engine consists within the shell-pieces H and H' ,of a shaft S, revolving in suitable bearings in the eXtreme left and right hand ends of the shell or casing, and on this shaft S there are located corresponding left-hand and right-hand elements A, B, and C, the right-hand elements A', B', and C' being concealed within the casing and the inclosing systems of stationary vanes or nozzles. The elements A and A' constitute, in effect, a continuous cylinder. Upon the element A are arranged the spirally-disposed revoluble blades 0 and similarly upon the elements B and C are arranged the spirally-disposed blades 7) and c. Only one of each of these blades is seen on each element in order to more clearly bring out the angular relation between such blades themselves and between such blades and the elements upon which they are located. Inclosing the elements A, B, and C, with the spirally-disposed blades a, and c, respectively, thereon. are seen the corresponding series or systems of spirallydisposed stationary vanes or nozzles t, e, and w, terminating at their outer ends in cylinders T, V, and W. These systems of stationary vanes or nozzles are located within the chambers L, M, and N, there being corresponding chambers L', M', and N' on the right-hand side of the engine. Connecting ducts or channels O and F, cored out from the casing-sections H and H', serve to connect, respectively, the chambers N and N' and chambers M andM', so as to equalize the pressure in corresponding right and left hand systems of' my engine. To the eXtreme left and right hand end of the engine are seen two exhaust-chambers E and E', the chamber E having an opening E2 leading into the final (not seen) is made use of at the right-hand end of the engine. y

Thus far the description is practically that ofthe engine described in my above-mentioned patent. The more essential features of my present invention consist as follows: The blades a are disposed upon the element A at a gradually-decreasing angle relatively to the plane of rotation of such blades, and in the same way also, as will at once be seen by reference to the drawing, the blades are disposed upon the elementB and the blades c upon the element C each at an angle relatively to the plane of rotation of such blades gradually lessening toward the discharging ends of such blades. Attention is also called to the fact that the gradually-increasing cross-sectional area of the steam-passage between the blades on each of the elements B and C is effected by a reduction in the diameter of the circle described by the blades L and c as they approach the discharging ends of suoli elements and bladesmthatis, the element B is tapered downwardly toward itslef't-hand or discharging end, and the same also with regard to the element C.

From the foregoing description it will at once be seen that there is afforded a graduallyincreasing passage for the steam through each system of revoluble blades and that each system of revoluble blades presents a steam-passage of a cross-sectional area greater than that presented at a correspondingI point in the next preceding system. Attention is also called to the fact that the lead of the spirally-disposed blades on each system gradually lessens toward the discharging end of each of such systems. On account of these features, for the reasons already hereinbefore set forth, the tendency of the steam to backlash and become a load upon the revoluble blades is greatly lessened.

I would have it understood that by the use of the word steam in the foregoing specifications and appended claims I mean any suitable fluid under pressure, whether gaseous or liquid, capable of effecting the same results as the steam under pressure in the usual steamengine, whether rotary or reciprocating.

What I claim is- 1. In a rotary engine, a revoluble element carrying a series of blades spirally arranged on the periphery of such element and a series of stationary vanes or nozzles also spirally disposed and arranged to project a series of streams of steam against the blades on such revoluble element, a chamber circumferentially inclosing such revoluble blades permitting the escape of steam between such blades in a direction axial or nearly so to the cylinder supporting them and means for maintaining a supply of steam under pressure to b`etween or through such stationary vanes or nozzles, such revoluble blades disposed at an IOO IIO

angle relativelyto their axis of rotation gradually increasing toward the discharging' ends thereof.

2. In a rotary engine, a revoluble element carrying' a series otl blades spirally arrang'ed on the periphery of such element and a series ot' stationary vanes or nozzles also spirally disposed and arranged to project a series of streams of steam ag'ainst the blades on such revoluble element, a chamber circumferentially inclosing' such revoluble blades permitting the escape of steam only between such blades in a direction axial or nearly so to the cylindersupportingthem and means for maintaining' a supply of steam under pressure to between or through such stationary yanes or nozzles, the space between adjacent ones of such revoluble blades presenting a series of cross-sectional areas gradually increasing toward the discharging' end of such system of revoluble blades, such revoluble blades disposed at an ang'le relatively to their axis of rotation gradually increasing' toward the discharging' end thereof.

3. ln a rotary eng'ine, two or more systems each comprising' a revoluble element carrying a series ot' blades spirally arranged on the periphery ot' such element and a series of stationary Yanes or nozzles also spirally disposed and arranged to project a series of streams of steam against the blades on such revoluble element, a chamber circumferentially inclosing' such revoluble blades permitting the escape of steam only between such blades in a direction axial or nearly so to the cylinder supporting' them, means for maintaining a supply o't' steam under pressure to between or through such stationary vanes or nozzles and means for discharging the steam from each one of such s y stems (except the last) into the next succeeding system whereby such systems are connected up and operate in tandem, such revoluble blades disposed at an angle relatively to their axis of rotation gradually increasing' toward the discharging ends thereof.

Jr. ln a rotary engine, two or more systems each comprising a revoluble element carrying a series ot' blades spirally arranged on the periphery of such element and a series of stationary ranes or nozzles also spirally disposed and arranged to project a series of streams ot' steam against the bladesr on such revoluble element, a chamber circumferentially inclosing such revoluble blades permitting' the escape of steam between such blades in adirection axial ornearl fso to the cylindersupporting' them, means for maintainingasupply ot steam under pressure to between or through last) into the next succeeding' system whereby such systems are connected up and operate in tandem, such revoluble blades disposed at an ang'le relatively to their axis otrotation gradually increasing' toward the discharging ends thereof'.

5. In a rotary engine, two or more systems each comprising a revoluble element carrying' a series ot blades spirally arranged on the periphery of such element and a series of stationary vanes or nozzles also spirally disposed and arranged to project a series of streams of steam against the blades on such revoluble element, a chamber circumferentially inclosing such revoluble blades permitting the escape of steam only between such blades in a direction axial or nearly so to the cylinder supporting' them, means for maiutaining a supply of steam under pressure to between or through such stationary vaues or nozzles and means for discharging the steam lfrom each one of such systems (except the last) into the next succeeding' system whereby such systems arel connected up and operate in tandem, each one ot' such systems after the lirst presenting'steam-spaces of greater crosssectional area than those presented at approximately similar points in the preceding' system, such revoluble blades disposed at an angle relatively to their axis of rotation gradually increasing toward the discharging' ends thereof.

6. In a rotary engine, two or more systems each comprising' a revoluble element carrying a series of blades spirally arranged on the periphery of such element and a series of stationary vanes or nozzles also spirally disposed and arranged to project a series of streams of steam ag'ainst the blades on such revoluble element, a chamber circumt'erentially inclosing such revoluble blades permitting' the escape of steam between such blades in a direction axial or nearly so to the cylinder supporting' them, means for maintaining' a supply ot' steam under pressure to between or through such stationary vanos or nozzles, the space between adjacent ones of such revoluble blades presenting' a series ot' cross-sectional areas gradually increasing' toward the discharging end of such system ot' revoluble blades and means Vfor discharging the steam from each one ot' such systems (except the last) into the next succeeding system whereby such systems are connected up and operate in tandem, each one of such systems after the tirst presenting' steam-spaces o't' greater crosssectional area than those presented at approximately similar points in the preceding' system, such revoluble blades disposed at anangle relatively to their axis of rotation gradually increasing' toward the discharging' ends thereof.

T. 1n a rotary eng'ine a revoluble element carrying' a series of blades spirally arranged on the periphery of such element and a series IIO ISO

of stationary vanes or nozzles also spirally disposed and arranged to project a series ot' streams of steam against the blades on such revoluble element, a chamber circumferen- .tially inclosing such revoluble blades permitting the escape of steam only between sucli blades in a direction axial or nearly so to the cylinder suppoi'ting them and means for maintaining' a supply of steam under pressure to, between or through such stationary vanes or nozzles, the space between adjacent ones of suoli revoluble blades presenting' a series of cross-sectional areas gradually increasing by a reduction of the diameter of the circle described by the inner edges of suoli revoluble blades toward the discharging end of such -system of revoluble blades.

8. In a rotary engine two or more systems each comprising a i'evoluble element carrying a series of blades spirally arranged on the periphery of such element and a series of stationaryvanes or nozzles also spirali y disposed and arranged to project a series of streams of ysteam against the blades on such i'evoluble element, a chamber circumferentially inclosing' such revoluble blades permitting the escape of steam between such blades in a direction axial or nearly so to the cylinder supporting them, means for maintaining a supply ot' steam under pressure to, between or through such stationary vanes or nozzles, the spaces between adjacent ones of such revolu'- ble blades presenting a series of cross-sectional areas gradually increasing by a reduction of the diameterof the circle described by the inner edges of such revoluble blades toward the discharging end of such system of revoluble blades and means for discharging the steam from each one of such systems (except tlie last) into the next succeeding' system whereby such systems are -connected up and operate in tandem.

9. In a rotary engine two or more systems each comprising a revoluble element carrying a series of blades spirally arranged on the periphery of such element and a series of stationary vanes or nozzles also spirall y disposed and arranged to project a series of streams of steam against the blades on such i'evoluble element, a chamber circumferentially inclosing such revoluble blades permitting' the escape of steam between such blades in a direction axial or nearly so to the cylinder supporting them, means for maintaining a supply of steam under pressure to, between or through such stationary vanes or nozzles, the space between adjacent ones or' such revoluble blades presenting a series of cross-sectional areas gradually increasing by a i'eduction oftlie diameter of the circle described by the inner edges or' such revoluble blades toward the discharging end of such system of revoluble blades and means for discharging the steam from each one of such systems (except the last) into the next succeeding system whereby such systems are connected up and operate in tandem, each one of such systems after the first presenting' steam-spaces oil greater cross-sectional area than those presented at approximately similar points in the preceding' system.

l0. In a steam-turbine, two or more systems each comprising a series ot' revoluble bladesand stationary vanes or nozzles and means for supplying' steam under pressure to between or through such stationary vanes or nozzles, each system (except the last) arranged to discharge into the next succeeding system, the revoluble blades of each system (except the iirst) arranged at a greater angle relatively to their axis of rotation than those of the next preceding system.

ll. In a steam-turbine, two series of systems of relatively right and left hand angularl y-dis posed revoluble blades and stationary vanes or nozzles and means Jfor supplying' steam under pressure to between or through each system of stationary vanes or nozzles, the revoluble blades in each system disposed relatively to their axis of rotation at an angle gradually increasing' toward their discharging ends.

12. In a steam-turbine, two or more systems each comprising a series of revoluble blades and stationary vanes or nozzles and means for supplying steam under pressure to between or through such vanes or nozzles, each system (except the last) arranged to discharge into the next succeeding' system,.such revoluble blades disposed relatively to their axis of rotation at an angle gradually increasing' toward their discharging ends, the revoluble blades of each system (except the -tirst) arranged at a greater angle relatively to their axis of rotation than those of the next preceding system.

13. In a steam-turbine, two series of systems ot' relatively right and left hand angularly-disposed revoluble blades' and stationary vanes or nozzles and means for supplying steam under pressure to between or through each system o1' stationary vanes or nozzles, the revoluble blades in each system disposed relatively to their axis of rotation at an angle g'rad uall y increasing toward their discharging ends, the revoluble blades of each system (except tlie tirst) arranged at a greater angle relatively to their axis of rotation than those of the next preceding system.

14. In a steam-turbine, a series of revoluble blades and stationary vanes or nozzles and means for supplying steam Linder pressure to between or through such stationary vanes or nozzles, such stationary vanes or nozzles disposed relatively to the axis of rotation of such revoluble blades at an angle gradually increasing toward their discharging ends.

l5. In a steam-turbine, two or more systems each comprising a series oi' revoluble blades and stationary vanes or nozzles and means for supplying' steam underpressure to between IOC IIC

or through such stationary Yanes or nozzles, each system (except the last) arranged to discharge into the next succeeding' system, the stationary Yanes ot' each system (except the first) arranged at a greater' angle relatively to the axis ot' rotation ot' its reYoluble blades than those ot the next preceding system.

16. In a steam-turbine, two series of systems ot' relatively right and let't hand angularly-disposed revoluble blades and stationary Yanes or nozzles and means for supplying steam under pressure to between or through each system otl stationary Yanes or nozzles, the stationary Yanes in each system disposed relatively to the axis of rotation ot' its revoluble blades at an angle gradually increasing toward their discharging ends.

1T. ln a steam-turbine, two or more systems each comprising a series ot' revoluble blades and stationary Yanes or nozzles and means for supplying steam under pressure to between or through such Yanes or nozzles, each system (except the last) arranged to discharge into the next succeeding' system, such stationary Yanes or nozzles disposed relatively to the axis ot' rotation ot' corresponding revolnble blades at an angle gradually increasing toward their discharging ends, the stationary Yanes of each system (except the tirst) arranged at a greater angle relatively to the axis of rotation otl its revoluble blades than those of the next preceding system.

1S. In a steam-turbine, two series` ot' sys tems of relatively right and left hand angularly-disposed revoluble blades and stationary Yanes or nozzles and means Vfor supplying steam under pressure to between or through each system ot' stationary Yanes or nozzles the stationary Yanes or nozzles in each system disposed relatively to the axis ot' rotation ot' its revoluble blades at an angle gradually increasing toward the discharging ends ot' such revoluble blades, the stationary Yanes or nozzles ot' each system (except the lirst) arranged at a greater angle relatively to the axis ot' rotation otl its reYoluble blades than those ot' the next preceding system.

19. In a steam-turbine, two series ot' corresponding right and lctt hand angularly-disposed revolnble blades disposed at an angle relatively to their axis ot' rotation gradually increasing toward their discharging ends and means for supplying and projecting a series of streams otl steam to and against such revoluble blades in each ot' such systems thereof.

WILLIAM L. lGPIC.

'itnesses:

OsoRNn F. (-irUnNnY, CLARA M. Sinvnu. 

